PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.